Home Anxiety Medications About Alprazolam (Xanax): A Patient’s Guide

About Alprazolam (Xanax): A Patient’s Guide

by BidRx Team
woman getting xanax pills

Highlights

  • Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that helps to calm the nervous system.
  • This medication is commonly known as Xanax.
  • Xanax may be habit-forming and should only be used under close supervision.
  • Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, changes in weight, and dry mouth, but more serious side effects can occur.
  • Xanax is not right for everyone, including pregnant or nursing women or individuals taking certain medications.

Millions of individuals struggle with anxiety. If you’re one of them, your doctor may prescribe alprazolam, also known by the brand name Xanax. Alprazolam treats anxiety by producing a calming effect on the nervous system.

However, like all medications, alprazolam carries several side effects. It also has a high potential for abuse. Misuse could result in extreme sedation, coma, or death.

Here’s more about Xanax so you can make an informed decision for your health.

What Is Alprazolam and What Is It Used For?

Alprazolam is a prescription medication commonly used to treat panic and anxiety disorders. It belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which are depressants that produce sedative effects.

young woman experiencing anxiety at the park

Alprazolam is commonly used to treat:

  • Anxiety disorders
  • Anxiety caused by depression
  • Panic disorders

This medication may also help other conditions, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or certain phobias.

Alprazolam is available under the brand names Xanax and Niravam.

This medication is a schedule IV controlled substance. Compared to other controlled substances, alprazolam has a lower chance of abuse or addiction; however, there is still a risk of dependency. For that reason, many people prefer alternatives to alprazolam to treat anxiety. Discussing options with a doctor can help you find the most suitable treatment.

How Does Alprazolam Work?

Alprazolam enhances the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it reduces neuron activity.

Alprazolam binds to specific receptors on neurons called GABA-A receptors, which increases the effect of GABA. With neurons less stimulated, the brain experiences a calming effect, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. It may also induce sleep at higher doses.

Alprazolam Dosage and Administration

young woman researching xanax on her phone while holding a bottle of pills

Dosage guidelines may vary depending on the reason for taking the medication and the prescribed formula. Alprazolam is available in the following formulas and dosages:

Healthcare providers should prescribe the lowest effective dose and reassess dosages frequently.

How Should I Take Alprazolam?

Take this medication orally as prescribed by your doctor. Your dosage will depend upon your age, health history, medical condition, and other factors. Do not take more or less of this medication than prescribed.

Do not stop taking this medication abruptly, as this may cause withdrawal symptoms or other adverse effects.

Your doctor may adjust your dosage to ensure its effectiveness. Typically, you will only take this medication for a short period of time, as longer uses may lessen its impact or become habit-forming.

What Are the Potential Side Effects of Alprazolam?

Like all medications, alprazolam can cause side effects. Some are mild and resolve as the body adjusts to the medication, while others may warrant medical attention.

Common side effects include:

  • Drowsiness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Depression
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Insomnia
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Changes in weight
  • Menstrual irregularities

Less common but more serious side effects include:

  • Increased thoughts of suicide or suicidal behaviors
  • Mania
  • Memory impairment
  • Loss of coordination
  • Seizures
  • Incontinence
  • Slurred speech

No list of side effects is complete. Discuss side effects with your provider or pharmacist before taking alprazolam. Notify your doctor right away if you experience any of the less common but more serious side effects, or any new or unusual symptoms not on these lists.

What Should I Avoid When Taking Alprazolam?

Individuals taking alprazolam should avoid certain activities and medications. These include but are not limited to the following recommendations.

  • Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how alprazolam will affect you.
  • Avoid alcohol and smoking.
  • Do not change your dosage or stop taking this medication without first speaking with your doctor.
  • Do not use alprazolam with opioids.
  • Do not start taking new medications, supplements, or birth control without first consulting your doctor to understand potential drug interactions.

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose of Alprazolam?

If you forget to take a dose of alprazolam, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Never double up on doses to make up for a missed dose.

It’s helpful to take your medication at the same time every day to reduce the risk of missing a dose.

What Should I Do If I Overdose on Alprazolam?

If you suspect an overdose of alprazolam, contact the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.

If the patient is having a seizure, is in a coma, not breathing, or can’t be awakened, call 911.

What Precautions Should I Take With Alprazolam?

pharmacist and patient patient about xanax

Before taking alprazolam, follow these precautions to ensure safe use.

  • Talk to your doctor about potential allergies. Notify your doctor and pharmacist about any allergies to medications, including alprazolam and related substances.
  • Review all your medications with your healthcare provider. Inform your healthcare providers about your current medications (particularly itraconazole or ketoconazole), including prescription, non-prescription, and herbal supplements. Certain medications can interact with alprazolam, requiring dose adjustments or careful monitoring.
  • Understand your health history, including previous conditions. Disclose any existing health conditions such as glaucoma, seizures, or liver, kidney, and lung diseases to your doctor. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should also inform their healthcare provider as alprazolam may harm the fetus.
  • Know the unique risks you may face based on your age, health history, and other factors. If you’re over 65 years old, discuss the risks and benefits of alprazolam with your doctor, as lower doses are recommended for older adults to minimize side effects. Prior to surgery, including dental procedures, inform your healthcare provider about your alprazolam use.
  • Explore all possible side effects alprazolam may produce. Alprazolam can cause drowsiness, so avoid driving or operating machinery until you understand its effects on you.

Contraindications

Some people should not take alprazolam. Others should use it with caution under close medical supervision.

Who Should Not Take Alprazolam?

  • Pregnant or nursing mothers
  • Children under the age of 18
  • Patients taking itraconazole or ketoconazole
  • Anyone with known allergies to benzodiazepines or any of their ingredients

Who Should Take Alprazolam With Caution?

  • Geriatric patients (65+ years old)
  • Patients with kidney or liver disease
  • Individuals with drug or alcohol addiction
  • Anyone with suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Keep in mind that these lists are general guidelines. In special cases, doctors may feel the benefits of taking a particular medication outweigh the risks, so if you are in one of these groups, talk to your doctor about your personal situation.

Are There Any Other Potential Drug Interactions With Alprazolam?

According to Drugs.com, a significant number of drugs and supplements can interact with this medication.

The most important potential interactions to be aware of include:

  • Protease inhibitors (atazanavir, amprenavir). This combination may increase the amount of alprazolam in the blood, which may increase its effects.
  • Opiates and narcotics (codeine, fentanyl). This combination can lead to respiratory distress, coma, or even death.
  • Antifungal medications (itraconazole, ketoconazole). These medications together can cause drowsiness and slow breathing.

For the complete known interactions list, visit the Drugs.com Drug Interactions Checker. However, no list of potential drug interactions is complete, so let your provider know if you experience any new or unusual symptoms after taking this medication.

Learn about Xanax to Make an Informed Decision

For individuals with anxiety or panic disorders, alprazolam may calm the mind so they can live a normal life. However, because alprazolam may be habit-forming and can interact with many other medications, it’s important to weigh the benefits and risks. Misuse can lead to coma or death, so talk with your doctor to ensure you understand how to properly use this medication.

Now that you know about Xanax, your next step is to find your prescription at an affordable price.

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This information is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or medication.

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